Tripwire Alert Details
Alert ID: TRIPWIRE-DEFACE-1491-7842 Alert Time: 2024-03-03 10:30:22 EST Severity: HIGH (88/100) Source: Tripwire File Integrity Monitoring Rule: “Critical Web File Modified – Potential Defacement” MITRE ATT&CK: T1491.001 – Defacement: Internal Defacement

Alert Details:

File Integrity Alert:

Host: WEB-SRV-01 (Public Web Server) Path: /var/www/html/index.html Expected Hash (baseline): 7a8b9c0d1e2f3a4b5c6d7e8f9a0b1c2d3e4f5a6b Current Hash: a1b2c3d4e5f67890a1b2c3d4e5f67890a1b2c3d4 Modification Time: 10:25 EST

File Content (defaced):

YOU HAVE BEEN HACKED

Your security is pathetic. We have your data.

– Anonymous

Additional Files Modified:

/var/www/html/about.html (same defacement)
/var/www/html/contact.html (same defacement)
/var/www/html/images/logo.png (replaced with hacker logo)

Access Logs:

10:20:22 – POST /admin/upload.php (file upload)
10:21:45 – GET /admin/upload.php (verify upload)
10:22:12 – GET /index.html (verify defacement)
Source IP: 185.143.221[.]89

Detection Logic:

Critical web files modified (anomalous)
Content changed to hacker message
Multiple files affected
Source IP malicious
Pattern matches website defacement
SOC Investigation Process
Step
Action
Tools Used
Findings
1. Alert Validation
Verify Tripwire alert
Tripwire Console
Confirmed website defacement
2. Immediate Action
Restore from backup
Web Team
index.html restored to original
3. Vulnerability Assessment
Identify how defacement occurred
WAF Logs, Code Review
File upload vulnerability exploited
4. Patch Vulnerability
Fix file upload
Web Team
Upload script patched
5. IP Blocking
Block attacker IP
Palo Alto, WAF
185.143.221[.]89 blocked
6. PR Response
Manage public visibility
PR Team
Statement prepared; site restored quickly

Jira Incident Report
Ticket: SOC-2024-165 Summary: T1491 – Public Website Defacement Status: RESOLVED Resolution: MALICIOUS – Site Restored, Vulnerability Patched Priority: P2 – MEDIUM Labels: T1491, defacement, website, tripwire, file-integrity Components: Web-Security, Public-Relations

INCIDENT ANALYSIS REPORT

1. Initial Context:

Detection Source: Tripwire File Integrity Monitoring.
Alert: “Critical Web File Modified – Potential Defacement”.
Host: WEB-SRV-01 (Public Web Server).
Files: index.html, about.html, contact.html defaced.
Time: 2024-03-03 10:30 EST.
Technique: MITRE ATT&CK T1491.001 – Defacement: Internal Defacement.

2. Technical Analysis:

Attack Chain:

10:15 – Attacker scans for vulnerable file upload endpoints
10:20 – Finds /admin/upload.php (no authentication)
10:20 – Uploads malicious HTML files (index.html, etc.)
10:21 – Replaces logo.png with hacker image
10:22 – Verifies defacement
10:25 – Tripwire detects file changes

Defacement Content:

Message: “YOU HAVE BEEN HACKED”
Background: Black with red text
Image: Hacker logo from evil.com
Claim: “We have your data” (false)

Vulnerability:

Endpoint: /admin/upload.php
Issue: No authentication required
Issue: No file type validation
Result: Attacker could overwrite any file

Attacker IP: 185.143.221[.]89 (Bulgaria)

3. Investigation Findings:

Timeline:

10:15 – Attack begins
10:20-10:22 – Defacement
10:25 – Tripwire alert
10:27 – SOC investigates
10:28 – Site restored
10:30 – Vulnerability patched

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs):

Network:

– Attacker IP: 185.143.221[.]89

– URL: /admin/upload.php

Files:

– /var/www/html/index.html (defaced)

– /var/www/html/about.html (defaced)

– /var/www/html/contact.html (defaced)

– /var/www/html/images/logo.png (replaced)

4. Containment Actions:

Immediate Actions:

Restored all defaced files from backup.
Replaced logo.png with original.
Blocked attacker IP at firewall and WAF.
Disabled /admin/upload.php temporarily.

Vulnerability Remediation:

Added authentication to upload endpoint.
Implemented file type validation.
Added file integrity monitoring for all web files.

PR Response:

Website down for 5 minutes during restoration.
Statement prepared but not needed (quick recovery).
Monitored social media for mentions (none).

5. Root Cause Analysis:

Primary Cause: Unauthenticated file upload endpoint.
Contributing Factors:
No authentication on admin functions.
No file type validation.
No web application firewall rules for uploads.

6. Business Impact:

Operational Impact: Website offline for 5 minutes.
Reputational Impact: Minimal (quick recovery, few visitors).
Customer Impact: None (B2B site, low traffic at time).

7. Remediation & Prevention:

Completed Actions:

Site restored.
Vulnerability patched.
Attacker blocked.

Technical Controls Enhanced:

Added authentication to all admin functions.
Implemented file type validation.
Deployed WAF rules for upload endpoints.
Enhanced Tripwire monitoring for web files.

8. Conclusion:

An attacker exploited an unauthenticated file upload to deface the public website, replacing multiple pages with hacker content. Tripwire detected the file changes within minutes, enabling rapid restoration. The vulnerability was patched, and the site was back online quickly.

Closure Rationale: Site restored; vulnerability patched; attacker blocked.

Analyst: [Your Name], SOC Analyst Date: 2024-03-03 11:30 EST

End of Batch 25

Ready for your next batch of prompts whenever you are.
Batch 26: Impact Incident Reports
Here are the next 5 detailed SOC incident reports.